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philippe i, duke of orléans

Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth under the title of Duke of Chartres. [50] The child nonetheless died of convulsions in 1666, having been baptised Philippe Charles d'Orléans hours before death. Philippe d'Orléans (2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723) was a member of the royal family of France and served as Regent of the Kingdom from 1715 to 1723. The most impressive victory won under Philippe's command took place on 11 April 1677: the Battle of Cassel against William III, Prince of Orange,[77] later the king of England and son of Philippe's own first cousin Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange. The Chevalier de Lorraine died impoverished in 1702. Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, Philippe Charles d'Orléans, Duke of Valois, Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, "The French Royal Family: Titles and Customs", Louis XIV and Philippe d'Orléans at the Cremerie de Paris / Hotel de Villeroy, "Armory of Old Regime (pre-1789) French Peerage", "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Frankreich)", Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, "Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orléans&oldid=1018116633, French military personnel of the Franco-Dutch War, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [56] Upon her recovery, Philippe returned to the battlefield and distinguished himself at the Siege of Lille (1667).[57]. [87] As the largest canal built in France since Philippe's grandfather Henri IV built the Canal de Briare in 1604, its construction was considered an engineering feat. The book does give some insight into the life and times of Monsieur but I was really put off by the psychological profile of the prince as Ms. Barker appeared to deem homosexuality as a pathology. Known as Mademoiselle at this time, she had an immense private fortune and had previously rejected suitors such as Charles II of England. Lane, William Coolidge. "[46] This greatly offended Queen Anne, who adored her first granddaughter. [61] She subsequently died between the hours of two and three in the morning of 30 June 1670 at the age of 26. Louis XIII had wanted to give the infant the title Count of Artois in honour of a recent French victory in Arras within the county of Artois. They lived at the Palais Royal and at the Palais du Louvre. After his baptism, Philippe was put in the care of Françoise de Souvré, marquise de Lansac, who also looked after his older brother, in 1643 succeeded by Marie-Catherine de Senecey. Louis XIV sent him some 25,000 footsoldiers and 9,000 cavalry from Cambrai under the command of Marshal Luxembourg. [100] Louis XIV assured the new Duke of Orléans, formerly the Duke of Chartres, that the past was forgotten and that henceforth he was to look on him as his father. Portrait Index: Index to Portraits Contained in Printed Books", P1099. [51] The loss of the little Duke of Valois affected Henrietta greatly. His older brother was Louis, Dauphin of France, who succeeded to the French throne and became Louis XIV, the Sun King. Louis himself asked her if she wanted to fill "the vacant place",[68] but she politely declined the offer. Even once married, he reportedly carried on open romantic affairs with German nobles, with no regard to either of his two wives. When Philippe's uncle Gaston died in February 1660, the Duchy of Orléans reverted to the crown, as he had no surviving male issue. [4] He was also military commander at the Battle of Cassel in 1677. [83] Philippe was limited in what he could do to renovate the building until it was given to him in 1692. Philippe, Duke of Orléans, was the younger son of Louis XIII of France and his wife, Anne of Austria.His older brother was the famous "Sun King", Louis XIV.Styled Duke of Anjou from birth, Philippe became Duke of Orléans upon the death of his uncle Gaston in 1660. His older brother was the famous Louis XIV, le roi soleil . Although some believed Philippe was involved, the most popular theory at the time was that the Chevalier de Lorraine had organized the murder without the involvement of Monsieur. [91] The two were married in 1697 and became the parents of Louis XV. Although he was open about his homosexual behaviour and freely acted effeminately, he married twice and fathered several children. [77], From the time of the victory at Cassel until the 1690s, Philippe mainly concentrated his energies on the expansion of his estates, personal fortune, and art collection, including the renovation of his residences, the Palais Royal and the Château de Saint-Cloud. From 1646 on Philippe spent some of his childhood at the Hôtel de Villeroy ("Cremerie de Paris"), house of Nicolas de Villeroy, tutor of his brother Louis XIV. Minor improvements at the Palais Royal began in 1661 at the time of Philippe's marriage to Henrietta, but the property was part of the crown holdings, and had not been used officially for years. All his life, Philippe would be a noted lover of etiquette and panoply, ensuring that all ceremonial details were adhered to. The couple had their last child in August 1669, a daughter who was baptised Anne Marie at the private chapel of the Palais Royal on 8 April 1670 by Philippe's first chaplain, the bishop of Vabres. [11] He was also educated by the maréchal du Plessis-Praslin. His tutors were chosen by Mazarin, who was created the superintendent of the prince's education by his mother. [19] He was also granted the lordship of Montargis. As brothers, Philippe and Louis were almost fated to have a rough relationship, especially given the time period in which they were born. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orléans_(1869–1926) [10] His godparents were his uncle Gaston and aunt Queen Henrietta Maria of England. At the time of Philippe's death in 1701, the estate of Saint Cloud covered some 1,200 acres (4.9 km2). His older brother was the famous Louis XIV, le roi soleil. When peace returned, the decision was made for Philippe to move his household to the Palais des Tuileries, previously the residence of the duchess of Montpensier opposite the Palais Royal. [29] Philippe's favourites, invariably younger, handsome men, dominated contemporary and historical commentaries about his role at court, as had the mignons of Henry III. Philippe was born on 21 September 1640 at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in the town of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, the day before his mother Anne’s 39th birthday. Biography. His son would eventually ascend to the throne in 1830 as Louis-Philippe I, King of the French. From the time he was young, it was clear that Philippe was a bright, outgoing, and very attractive child who would go on to lead a very interesting life. At first meeting, Louis XIV attacked Philippe about Chartres' conduct with Mademoiselle de Séry. The First Prince of the Blood after 1752, he was the most senior male at the French court after the immediate royal family. [23] Mindful that Gaston's treasonous habits had not only been evoked by the Fronde, but by his secret elopement with a foreign princess which had left the royal brothers estranged for years, his homosexual activity was not unwelcome, because it was seen to reduce any potential threat he may have posed to his older brother. Philippe received the title of Duke of Anjou at birth. [28] As a member of the House of Guise, ranking as a prince étranger, Philippe could keep him near while at court and promote him within his own household without initially evoking scandal or offending sensibilities. It was not until 1660 at the death of Gaston that Philippe would be known simply as Monsieur or as the Duke of Orléans. It lasted until 1653 in its two main phases: the Fronde Parlementaire (1648–1649) and the Fronde des nobles (1650–1653). Philippe is acknowledged as being not only the biological founder of the House of Orléans, but as financial founder[88] of a family whose monetary value would rival that of the main line of the House of Bourbon.[89]. Through careful personal administration, Philippe greatly augmented the fortunes of the House of Orléans. Henrietta was mourned greatly at the court of France, but little by her husband, due to their strained relationship. The Chevalier de Lorraine was in Italy, but returned in spring 1672. Saint Cloud remained with the Orléans family until 1785, when Philippe's great-grandson Louis Philippe d'Orléans sold it to Marie Antoinette, Philippe's great-granddaughter, for the sum of 6,000,000 livres.[82]. "A.L.A. [7], The child Philippe was acknowledged to be attractive and intelligent. Finally, he was banished to Rome. His older brother was Louis XIV, le roi soleil. [13], When Philippe's uncle Gaston died in February 1660, the Duchy of Orléans reverted to the crown, as he had no surviving male issue. There were also rumours at court that Philippe in fact had a mistress[30] and had shown an interest in the Duchess of Mercœur, Mazarin's niece. [16] At the coronation of Louis XIV on 7 June 1654, Philippe acted as dean, placing the crown of France on his brother's head. [47] For his part, Philippe would always consider Marie Louise his favourite child. [35] Mademoiselle instead remained unmarried. In all, casualties on both sides amounted to 4,200 dead and 7,000 wounded. [90] As he had with Philippe, Louis XIV was careful to limit the power of Chartres. Bibliography. [59] By February, Philippe's protests and pleas persuaded the king to restore the Chevalier to his brother's entourage. Johns Hopkins UP, 1989. His education emphasized languages, history, literature, mathematics and dancing. Thus, at the death of Gaston, Philippe himself took on the new style of Duke of Orléans and Louis XIV granted Philippe the title officially on 10 May 1661 along with the subsidiary titles duke of Valois and duke of Chartres, all registered peerag… "[101] Philippe's heart was taken to the Val-de-Grâce convent on 14 June,[98] and his body was taken on 21 June to the Basilica of St Denis, where it remained until the French Revolution, at which time the basilica was desecrated and all graves destroyed. [80] The campaign marked the end of his military career; he soon immersed himself once again in a life of pleasure. The couple had three children: Media related to Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans at Wikimedia Commons, From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Philippe Charles d'Orléans, Duke of Valois, Alexandre Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Valois, Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orléans&oldid=6603589, Pages using infobox royalty with unknown parameters, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. On 8 October 1658, its proprietor Barthélemy Hervart organised a sumptuous feast at Saint Cloud in honour of the royal family. Philippe, however, was anxious to maintain the allowance which his son had received from the king. Louis Philippe d'Orléans was born at the Palace of Versailles on 12 May 1725. This page was last changed on 7 July 2019, at 16:33. Aside from his appanage, he was given no meaningful financial freedom from the Crown. Thus, at the death of Gaston, Philippe himself took on the new style of Duke of Orléans and Louis XIV granted Philippe the title officially on 10 May 1661[19] along with the subsidiary titles duke of Valois and duke of Chartres, all registered peerages with the Parlement de Paris. Later in 1658, Philippe made his most significant purchase, the Château de Saint-Cloud, a building about 10 kilometres west of Paris. Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans known as le Gros (the Fat) (12 May 1725 – 18 November 1785), was a French prince, a member of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, the dynasty then ruling France. Their mother Queen Anne revoked the late king's will to arrange for a power-sharing agreement with Cardinal Mazarin, who had been serving as Louis XIII's chief minister. English: Philippe of France, Duke of Orleans (September 21, 1640 – June 8, 1701), aka " Monsieur ", is the brother of Louis XIV. 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