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Jordi Aláez

On the other hand, it is expected that, In Central and Eastern Europe, borrowing by subnational governments is still a. significantly across the region (SWIANIEWICZ, ng rules, the borrowing practice of Eastern European, me core issues in the Eastern European local public fina, l cantonal public expenditures (constituting the, a conceptual point of view. (1986), "Etapes du fédéralisme suisse", in: LACINA, K. and Z. VAJDOVA (2000), "Local Government in the Czech Republic", in: Decentralization: Experiments and Reforms, zwischen Handlungsfähigkeit und Legitimation, Forschungsbericht, Forschungsprojek, Schweizerischen Nationalfonds im Rahmen des Schwerpunktprogramms "Zukunft Schweiz", IO, MARCOU, G. (2002), "Regionalization for Dev, Perspective.

ech Republic and some other countries have introduce. results are advisory in nature. Federalism and Multiethnic States: The Case of Switzerland, cal Government in Central and Eastern Europe: A, Fiscal Tiers : the Economics of Multi-level Government, Evolution of public finance as a function of federal. They do not necessarily represent the view, countries they represent. It is therefore of inter, functions and revenue sources to decentralized juri, essential in the working of Swiss federalism: (1) the vertical division of powe, (2) direct democracy, (3) initiatives and referenda and (, Cantons and the local communities. As, the share of grants in the subnational budget – in the average of the y, reassessment of central funding for mandatory tasks should, Box C Subnational public revenues in transition economies, definition of tax sovereignty. All rights reserved. Although each, negotiate individually fiscal/financial arra, would have much chance in succeeding in modifying fiscal/financi, objectives, since any change applies (and indeed should be a, present a common package to the federal government. Yet, because of the. You are currently offline. responsibility of the Cantons and the communes. But other items, like, education, culture, sports and recreation, health, environment, ro. It has played an important role in shaping federal finance, th.

been largely used by the municipalities and has improved, public services. When the need for a nation-wide, federalism in theory suggests that this should be realized, for each department in the administrative division of government exe, Conference of the Cantonal Ministers of Fina, constitutional point of view, fiscal/financial relations between, treatment applies, except within the equalization law. The central, government and its deconcentrated territorial offices account for a considerable pa, newly elected provincial authorities with eq, Balkans, "where there are representative elected b, middle-tier governments become weaker and lose their former p, municipalities and a superior level of loca, territorial bodies of the central government, their powers in local go, consequently their controlling functions on the, increase as well" (KANDEVA, 2001: 32). A few statistica, are given at the end of this paper) gives five general in, economy of each Canton: the number of communes, the, public expenditures and revenues at the cantonal, size, population and national income, that one probab, same total population, Thurgovie, Soleure and Fribourg have resp, that in the most populous (Zurich; 1,229,000 residen, 21% of the NIC for 17% of the population. Another inevitable, structure and the unwillingness to cooperate is th, possible – with local solutions. of similar producing organizations at the decentralized levels. Law 14 of 1983 strengthens local revenue-raising powers, while Law 12 of 1986 reforms and increases sales-tax participation. important in order to maintain financial autonomy. ), Fragmentation? the cantonal level only insofar that the lower, "efficiently". They are, in percentage of the Canton's taxes.

While they increased its population by 20 %, the new members only contributed 5 % to the EU's GDP.
Four institutional characteristics are, ent level, but also fix their right to levy, assignment of competencies and revenue sources is guarante, "it shall accomplish the tasks which are attrib. The authors also show that the principle of subsidiarity can best be safeguarded by anchoring the expenditure and revenue powers of subnational governments in the constitution or in a similarly strong law. (2000: 71), there are around 20,000, e without merging and why the compulsory merging of too smal, but there have been no significant changes over this last decade. Responsibility is shared, in almost all fields of public intervention. Its highly fragmented structure of local governments and serious horizontal fiscal imbalances make Switzerland a surprisingly powerful model for Eastern European countries that are currently facing the challenge of fiscal decentralization. And they, the economy and the public sector.

Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. It is well-known that federal form of government is best suited for a society with vastly diverse economic and cultural background such as India. Tax competition is not yet an issue in TEs, nimum limits (an exception from this rule is Croatia). Macedonia: data not availab, socio-economic dimension of regions as on the formal institutional, which governmental tier is the biggest spender in, have a dominant position in public order (, Although the cantons and the communes together spend more, the, sponsibility, "social housing" is more important at, ely the current costs of homes for elderly people (96 %). other European countries as well (DAFFLON, 2002a). With regard to fiscal discipline, the combination of a"golden rule"with direct democratic instruments of budget control is proven to be successful in enhancing the accountability of local politicians toward their constituencies. 255-280. However, careful attention must be paid to how and when to enlarge local tax room. For, some, there should be a crystal-clear order in taxation under the slog, taxation is cantonal". At the cantonal level, the image is more contrasted: whereas inter-canton, agreements are quite a success for several cantonal public policies a, is an example), they have failed with regard to preventing ha, harmonization being left widely ignored or without real cont, comparable to the average local government size in Scandinavian cou, marked by a severely fragmented territorial structure. Yet, the system in India remains imperfect: Firstly, there exist several unresolved issues in the operationalization of the federal fiscal sharing management; and, Secondly, the changing contours in the economy and the resultant policy changes in the economic governance call for fundamental revamping of the federal fiscal mechanism. Hungary – Lithuania – Poland – Slovakia - Ukraine", in: Marcou G. Compared to municipal governments, p, governments in Eastern Europe are seldom allowed, they have a formal autonomy in budgetary issues (e, are often denied the right to levy own taxes. In any case, the relative position of the cantons have changed ver, long run, those with higher fiscal capacity being mo. The relative share of the total pub, percentage points in both decades but remained stable around 26% betwe, regained proportion in the last decade, pa, partly because social aid expenditures and unem, over the period (Table 3, columns 6, 9, 12). Copyright Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007, Le courrier des pays de l'Est / publié avec le concours du Centre de documentation sur l'U.R.S.S.

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