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china population density

click on the following link or the worldmap below to view a complete, China since the end of the Great Recession, Current Account Balance (Percentage of GDP), Electricity - installed generating capacity, Electricity production, consumption, imports and exports, International tourism, number of arrivals, International tourism, number of departures, Short-term debt (percentage of total external debt), Yearly Tourist arrivals to residents ratio, Population density (capita per square kilometer) - China, Population density (capita per square kilometer). Using the World Bank’s figure of per capita annual income growth during this same period, 8.4 percent, we find that the demographic dividend accounted for 15 percent of China’s economic growth.

As the graph below shows, over the past 57 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 148.35 in 2018 and a … The technological level and quality standards of many of its industries have improved rapidly and dramatically. This is so in part because China still has the world’s largest population and its population is still growing.

However, tens of millions of rural people who go to the cities to find jobs also return home for periods of time during the year. By 1850, Han colonizing settlers had become dominant in Manchuria. Due to these odds, and the large numbers of Chinese parents who have only one child, the sheer number of elderly people living without any children is significant and growing. Economic growth relies on a number of basic factors. China’s current TFR of 1.5 implies that, in the long run, each future generation will be 25 percent smaller than the one preceding it.

The economic reforms begun in the late 1970s have unleashed a tidal wave of both rural-to-urban and west-to-east migration, reversing trends of the previous three decades. By 2013 China’s demographic dividend growth rate will turn negative: That is, the growth rate of net consumers will exceed the growth rate of net producers. China’s population is still growing, albeit very slowly, because the country still has a relatively young age structure, which produces more births than deaths, even though on average each couple has fewer than two children. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Still, the fact that such a large number of Chinese men will not be able to marry is clearly a serious social concern, and the issue should not be neglected. It will also have profound consequences for labor productivity, since the youngest workers are the most recently educated and the most innovative. The challenges posed by these demographic changes will be more daunting in China than in other countries that have experienced mortality and fertility declines. Today the national fertility level is around 1.5 and possibly lower. The three wealthiest regions are along the southeast coast, centred on the Pearl (Zhu) River Delta; along the east coast, centred on the lower Yangtze River; and near the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli), in the Beijing-Tianjin-Liaoning region. About two-thirds of the immigrants entered Manchuria by sea, and one-third came overland. And China has witnessed the largest flow of internal migrants in world history, resulting in an urbanization process that is of comparable historical proportions. China has acquired some highly sophisticated production facilities through foreign investment and joint ventures with foreign partners. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. New railways and highways were constructed to traverse the wasteland, and this has spurred population growth and the development of a number of small mining and industrial towns. After the rebellion was defeated, people from Hubei, Hunan, and Henan moved into the depopulated areas of Jiangsu, Anhui, and Zhejiang, where farmland was lying abandoned and uncultivated. China has achieved in 50 years—increasing life expectancy from the 40s to over 70—what it took many European countries a century to accomplish. In no small part due to implementation of the one-child policy, China by 2005 had accumulated nearly 160 million only children aged 0 to 30.

China’s mortality over the past three decades has been on a path of continuous decline. Great population movements have been a recurring theme throughout Chinese history. Longer life expectancy means more old people in the population and an increasing demand for services and expenditures related to health care. The current growth, in other words, is a result of population momentum. One number best characterizes China’s demographics today: 160 million. A major exception is energy, which the government continues to regulate.

Value & Rank The Population density of China is 141 (capita per square kilometer) with a global rank of 69. An aging labor force will compel changes in this economic model and may make political rule more difficult. While China continues to transform itself from an agrarian to an industrial and post-industrial society and from a planned to a market-based economy, it not only will need, for example, to provide health care and pensions for a rapidly growing elderly population that has been covered under government-sponsored programs. In 2019 the population of China was 1,392,929,000 and the average age increased from 25.4 in 1960 to 38.3. The population density of China has changed from 104.5 in 1980 to 150.7 in 2018. China’s underdeveloped transport system—combined with important differences in the availability of natural and human resources and in industrial infrastructure—has produced significant variations in the regional economies of China. Indeed, increased spending obligations created by the aging of the population will not only shift resources away from investment and production; they will also test the government’s ability to meet rising demands for benefits and services. Both China’s foreign trade and its gross national product (GNP) have experienced sustained and rapid growth, especially since foreign-owned firms began using China as an export platform for goods manufactured there.

In the 1950s the government became increasingly aware of the importance of the frontier regions and initiated a drive for former members of the military and young intellectuals to settle there. (The total populations of countries like Japan and Russia do not reach 160 million; Bangladesh’s population is roughly equal to that number.). Although the full extent of the one-child policy’s societal consequences will not be known until later, it is safe to predict that the social costs that China will need to pay, especially in terms of family support for aging parents, will be exceedingly high. In contrast, the isolated, extensive western and frontier regions, which are much larger than any European country, are sparsely populated. The country is one of the world’s largest producers of a number of industrial and mineral products—including cotton cloth, tungsten, and antimony—and is an important producer of cotton yarn, coal, crude oil, and a number of other products. Available energy has not been sufficient to run all of the country’s installed industrial capacity, the transport system has remained inadequate to move sufficient quantities of such critical commodities as coal, and the communications system has not been able to meet the needs of a centrally planned economy of China’s size and complexity. China’s unprecedented population control policy, the one-child policy, turned 30 this year. In a country where getting into a university has always been a matter of intense competition and anxiety, the number of applicants to universities has begun to decline in the past couple of years.

It is also due in part to a continued tendency in China and elsewhere to believe that overpopulation is the root cause of all problems. Second, more than 160 million Chinese are 60 years old or older. The number of workers aged 20 to 29 will stay about the same for the next few years, but a precipitous drop will begin in the middle of the coming decade. As the young population declines, domestic demand for consumption may weaken as well, since young people are also the most active consumers of everything from wedding banquets to new cars and housing units.

This creates grim prospects for many Chinese who hope in old age to rely on their children for emotional and physical if not financial support. But, even more important, China’s demographic landscape has in recent decades been thoroughly redrawn by unprecedented population changes. These figures imply that over 40 percent of Chinese households have only one child. In the past decade, below-replacement fertility has become a new global reality. Although policy implementation has varied over time and across different regions, almost all urban Chinese couples have observed the one-child rule for the past three decades. In a little more than a decade, however, it will for the first time in its long history give up this title, to India. The ripple effects of fertility decline have begun to emerge everywhere in China these days. Despite concerns over the collapse of the rural collective public health care system in the 1980s and increasing incidents and reports of air pollution, food poisoning, and public health crises (such as the SARS epidemic in 2003), the Chinese population’s overall health has continued to improve with the spread of affluence. Guidance for the Brookings community and the public on our response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) », Learn more from Brookings scholars about the global response to coronavirus (COVID-19) ». Inertia also results from the resistance of the country’s birth-control bureaucracy, which formally employs half a million people. The city has a very large population, with the most current estimates putting it at 10,607,700.. City Size and Population Density of Wuhan It is the rapid development of these areas that is having the most significant effect on the Asian regional economy as a whole, and Chinese government policy is designed to remove the obstacles to accelerated growth in these wealthier regions.

The latest numbers based on nationally representative surveys put life expectancy at birth at 74.5 years for females and 70.7 for males, levels that approach those of the world’s more developed countries.

What also makes China’s demographic future a looming crisis is that, so far, the changes have largely taken place under the radar. Population density varies strikingly, with the greatest contrast occurring between the eastern half of China and the lands of the west and the northwest. Wuhan is a city located in Central China.It is the largest city in the region, and it is also the capital of the Hubei province.This city has the nickname “the Chicago of China” because it is a hub for transportation.

This exemplifies a characteristic feature of China’s regime—relegating difficult, long-term, structural challenges to the back burner, while giving priority to short-term crisis management and concerns about stability. First, the  country has more than 160 million internal migrants who, in the process of seeking better lives, have supplied abundant labor for the nation’s booming economy. And although the policy was designed as an emergency measure to slow down China’s population growth, and was intended to last for only one generation, the government has not yet shown the willingness, or courage, to phase it out. The tragic deaths of thousands of only children in the earthquake of May 2008 in Sichuan province highlighted the potential for extreme misfortune. The demographic dividend, unlike the dependency ratio, takes into account people in the productive age cohort who are not contributing to income generation (for example, because they are unemployed) as well as those within the dependent age range who generate income (such as from after-retirement earnings). (TFR extrapolates an average woman’s fertility over her lifetime from a society’s fertility rate in a given year.) Population density is uneven: 70% of people live in the Eastern third; while the extensive deserts and mountains covering half of the area has only about 12% of the population.

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