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[75], Prior to the British Industrial Revolution there were small-scale industries scattered throughout Wales. [173] The pine marten, which has been sighted occasionally, has not been officially recorded since the 1950s. [200] The main north-south Wales link is the A470, which runs from Cardiff to Llandudno. Daylight at midwinter there falls to just over seven and a half hours. Wales has hosted major global events including The Ryder Cup 2010, the NATO Wales Summit 2014, UEFA Champions League Final 2017, the Volvo Ocean Race 2018  and The ICC Cricket World Cup will visit Sophia Gardens in Cardiff in 2019. Wales (Welsh: Cymru [ˈkəm.rɨ] (listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. [269] Some of their work survives in later medieval Welsh manuscripts: the Black Book of Carmarthen and the Book of Aneirin (both 13th-century); the Book of Taliesin and the White Book of Rhydderch (both 14th-century); and the Red Book of Hergest (c. [356] Male voice choirs emerged in the 19th century, formed as the tenor and bass sections of chapel choirs, and embraced the popular secular hymns of the day. English is the most widely spoken language. Large Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman groups subsequently entered Wales from the English border and began to dominate the ethnic and linguistic makeup of the country. [100] This policy, begun in 1934, was enhanced by the construction of industrial estates and improvements in transport communications,[100] most notably the M4 motorway linking south Wales directly to London. At that time sea levels were much lower than today. Powis is the most visited National Trust property in Wales. The Merthyr Mawr Sand Dunes were once the largest dune system in Europe. The existing royal lordships of Montgomery and Builth remained unchanged. Enjoy Wales all year round with our guide to the best of Wales in each season. Chicken tikka masala is the country's favourite dish while hamburgers and Chinese food outsell fish and chips as a takeaway. The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness. 633. Consequently, the Assembly became empowered to make laws, known as Acts of the Assembly, on all matters in the subject areas, without needing the UK Parliament's agreement. Thus, from about 1057 until his death in 1063, the whole of Wales recognised the kingship of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. In 1993 the Welsh Language Act was passed; it established in principle the equality of Welsh and English in Wales. [204][205][206], Cardiff Airport is the international airport of Wales. [151] The 19th century saw over 100 vessels lost with an average loss of 78 sailors per year. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. This includes Snowdonia National Park and the Brecon Beacons, the two most famous national parks in Wales. His son, the future Edward II, was born at Caernarfon in 1284. [220] While there has never been an exclusively Welsh-language college, Welsh-medium higher education is delivered through the individual universities and has since 2011 been supported by the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol (Welsh National College) as a delocalised federal institution. Historian Theophilus Evans once wrote of how the waters from the well had cured his scurvy. [77] In the north, John Wilkinson's Ironworks at Bersham was a major centre, while in the south, at Merthyr Tydfil, the ironworks of Dowlais, Cyfarthfa, Plymouth and Penydarren became the most significant hub of iron manufacture in Wales. Wingfield later drew up a set of rules and, in 1874, patented the game with the title ‘sphairistrike’. [154] The Act of Union of 1536 formed a linear border stretching from the mouth of the Dee to the mouth of the Wye. [182], From the middle of the 19th century until the post-war era, the mining and export of coal was a dominant industry. [325] Wales has produced several world-class participants of individual and team sports including snooker players Ray Reardon, Terry Griffiths, Mark Williams and Matthew Stevens. The earliest evidence of a human presence in Wales dates from the Paleolithic, or Old Stone Age, period almost 200,000 years ago. History and Ethnic Relations Emergence of the Nation. [45], The 400-year period following the collapse of Roman rule is the most difficult to interpret in the history of Wales. [218], The University College of Wales opened in Aberystwyth in 1872. At the Olympic Games, Welsh athletes compete for the UK as part of a Great Britain team. Check out these 30 wacky facts about Wales! He came up with the idea at Nantclwyd Hall after playing with a new kind ball made from Indian rubber which had been designed to bounce on grass. [76] The emerging industrial period saw the development of copper smelting in the Swansea area. By 1922, half the Welsh seats at Westminster were held by Labour politicians—the start of a Labour dominance of Welsh politics that continued into the 21st century. Through this primary legislation, the Welsh Government can then also enact more specific subordinate legislation. Wales accounted for 4.8% of the UK population in 2011. He’s also thought to be the first pirate to name his flag “Jolly Roger” in June 1721. [353], Wales is often referred to as "the land of song",[354] notable for its harpists, male choirs, and solo artists. [260], Non-Christian religions are small in Wales, making up approximately 2.7 per cent of the population. [55] The Welsh continued to call themselves Brythoniaid (Brythons or Britons) well into the Middle Ages, though the first written evidence of the use of Cymru and y Cymry is found in a praise poem to Cadwallon ap Cadfan (Moliant Cadwallon, by Afan Ferddig) c. The world's first fare-paying, passenger railway service was established on the Oystermouth Railway in Swansea in 1807. The comedians Griff Rhys-Jones and Tommy […] Find out the essential information needed to help you travel to, in and around Wales, by road, sea and air. [39] After the Roman departure in AD 410, much of the lowlands of Britain to the east and south-east was overrun by various Germanic peoples. Although slate quarrying has been described as 'the most Welsh of Welsh industries',[79] it is coal mining which became the industry synonymous with Wales and its people. [12] In Armes Prydain, believed to be written around 930–942, the words Cymry and Cymro are used as often as 15 times. [131], Wales is served by four regional police forces, Dyfed-Powys Police, Gwent Police, North Wales Police and South Wales Police. English law has been the legal system of England and Wales since 1536. [117] In 2007, following passage of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GoWA 2006), the Assembly developed powers to pass primary legislation known at the time as Assembly Measures on some specific matters within the areas of devolved responsibility. [255] 2 Glynrhondda Street in Cathays, Cardiff, is accepted as the first mosque in the United Kingdom[261][262][263] founded by Yemeni and Somali sailors on their trips between Aden and Cardiff Docks. Facts about Wales Find out about the population, climate, symbols, national anthem and more interesting facts about Wales. It is also the only city in Britain that lies entirely within a national park. This is such a good Welsh fact! Snowdon (or Yr Wyddfa), is the highest peak in Wales at 1,085m (3,560 ft). [72] Henry Tudor (born in Wales in 1457) seized the throne of England from Richard III in 1485, uniting England and Wales under one royal house. We really hope you’ve enjoyed these interesting facts about Wales – hopefully you’ll be able to use them in your next pub quiz! The country has three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: The Castles and Town walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd; Pontcysyllte Aqueduct; and the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape. However, there was also large-scale migration into Wales during the Industrial Revolution. [368] Plays by Emlyn Williams and Alun Owen and others were staged, while Welsh actors, including Richard Burton and Stanley Baker, were establishing themselves as artistic talents. – The top 10 Welsh comedians", "30th birthday celebrations for National Dance Company Wales", "St. Dwynwen's Day-Diwrnod Santes Dwynwen January 25th", Gathering the Jewels – Welsh Heritage and Culture, Further historical information and sources at GENUKI, Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom, British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wales&oldid=983550366, English-speaking countries and territories, NUTS 1 statistical regions of the United Kingdom, Articles containing Middle Welsh-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2020, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Articles containing Old English (ca. The basic culture of these peoples survived the Roman occupation and was later strengthened and broadened by Celtic immigrations from other parts of Britain. [321] Famous Welsh players over the years include John Charles, John Toshack, Gary Speed, Ian Rush, Ryan Giggs, Gareth Bale, Aaron Ramsey, and Daniel James.

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