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Blaming the fire on the Communist Party of Germany, Hitler used the incident as an excuse to ban those political parties that opposed Nazi policies. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. In a move that tacitly endorsed Hitler's violation of the treaty, Great Britain signed the Anglo-German Naval Agreement in 1935, which allowed Germany to build a fleet one third the size of the Royal Navy and ended British naval operations in the Baltic. This was agreed to and the meeting opened in September 1938, at Munich. Massing their armies along the Polish border, the Germans staged a fake Polish attack on August 31, 1939. Germany could not afford to pay the money and during the 1920s the people in Germany were very poor. For a comprehensive list of World War 2 facts, including the primary actors in the war, causes, a comprehensive timeline, and bibliography, click here. To aid in its defense, Poland had formed military alliances with Great Britain and France. Paris : Librairie Larousse ; [s.d.]. In May 1937, Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister of Britain. France was not strong enough to fight Germany without British help and Britain was not prepared to go to war at this point. All storyboards and images are private and secure. A month later the Nazis held a plebiscite on the issue and received 99.73% of the vote. Signed on September 30, 1938, the Munich Agreement turned over the Sudetenland to Germany in exchange for Germany's promise to make no additional territorial demands. By signing the agreement, the French defaulted on their treaty obligations to Czechoslovakia. Lloyd George personally agreed with Wilson but knew that the British public agreed with Clemenceau. On September 1, 1939, the world watched as the Nazi war machine invaded Poland. The Council of the League of Nations only met four times a year and decisions had to be agreed by all nations. Storyboard That accepts purchase orders. International reaction was again mild, with Great Britain and France issuing protests, but still showing that they were unwilling to take military action. This article is part of our larger educational resource on World War Two. It was intended that all countries would be members of the League and that if there were disputes between countries they could be settled by negotiation rather than by force. The Nazi-Soviet Pact : 1939 The Munich Agreement : 1939 Date The auses of WW2 Timeline 1919-1939 June 1924 Hitler writes Mein … German troops invaded Poland on 1st September 1939. Emboldened by Great Britain and France's reaction to the Rhineland, Hitler began to move forward with a plan to unite all German-speaking peoples under one "Greater German" regime. Germany had been expecting a treaty based on Wilson’s 14 points and were not happy with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. While these were generally rebuffed by the government in Vienna, Hitler was able to orchestrate a coup by the Austrian Nazi Party on March 11, 1938, one day before a planned plebiscite on the issue. With Austria in his grasp, Hitler turned towards the ethnically German Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. It was also argued that a stronger Germany would prevent the spread of Communism to the west. In the negotiations, Great Britain and France, led by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and President Édouard Daladier respectively, followed a policy of appeasement and caved to Hitler's demands in order to avoid war. National Archives & Records Administration. The League had no power. Unlisted storyboards can be shared via a link, but otherwise will remain hidden. When the world was hit by depression in the late 1920s countries were reluctant to lose trading partners to other non-member countries. https://www.storyboardthat.com/lesson-plans/world-war-ii-1939-1941, *(This will start a 2-Week Free Trial - No Credit Card Needed), Find more lesson plans and activities like these in our, "Fix Bayonet." Although the idea for the League of Nations had come from Woodrow Wilson, there was a change of government in the United States before the signing of the treaty and the new Republican government refused to join. In March 1938, German troops marched into Austria. Within the portal, all users can view and copy all storyboards. Again operating in violation of the Treaty of Versailles, Hitler made overtures regarding the annexation of Austria. World War Two Timeline Two years after beginning the expansion of the military, Hitler further violated the treaty by ordering the reoccupation of the Rhineland by the German Army. Unable to act quickly The Munich Agreement, signed by the leaders of Germany, Britain, France and Italy, agreed that the Sudetenland would be returned to Germany and that no further territorial claims would be made by Germany. Also included in the pact were secret clauses dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of influence as well as plans for the partition of Poland. In an effort to resolve these issues and gain Lebensraum for the German people, Hitler began planning the invasion of Poland. In this unit, students will be introduced to the major events and turning points that occurred between 1939 and 1941. The final document, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, was signed on August 23, and called for the sale of food and oil to Germany and mutual non-aggression. To the north in Germany, Fascism was embraced by the National Socialist German Workers Party, also known as the Nazis. Three years later the first pogrom began (Night of Broken Glass) in which over one hundred Jews were killed and 30,000 arrested and sent to concentration camps. For other timelines of specific events in the war, we recommend a timeline of D-Day, and a timeline of the emergence of Nazi Germany. The next day, German troops crossed the border to enforce the Anschluss (annexation). Despite calls for help from the Czechoslovak government, neither Britain nor France was prepared to take military action against Hitler. With the conquest of Poland, the Germans implemented Operation Tannenberg which called for the arrest, detainment, and execution of 61,000 Polish activists, former officers, actors, and intelligentsia. He wanted to be sure that Germany could never start another war again. His name was Adolf Hitler. Many of the seeds of World War II in Europe were sown by the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I.In its final form, the treaty placed full blame for the war on Germany and Austria-Hungary, as well as exacted harsh financial reparations and led to territorial dismemberment. Furthermore, Britain and France did not want to risk Italy making an attack on them. Proceeding cautiously, Hitler issued orders that the German troops should withdrawal if the French intervened. This article is part of our larger educational resource on World War Two. A depression is when a country’s economy falls. On January 30, 1933, Hitler was placed in a position to take power when he was appointed Reich Chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg. The Czech government was not invited to the conference and protested about the loss of the Sudetenland. Using this as a pretext for war, German forces flooded across the border the next day. After the war several German officers indicated that if the reoccupation of the Rhineland had been opposed, it would have meant the end of Hitler's regime. Timeline of World War II (1944) Timeline of World War II (1945–1991) Timeline of the surrender of Axis forces at the end of World War II; Wars, campaigns, and battles. The main combatants were the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allies (France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China). With the escalation of war with the Soviets on the Eastern Front, the German army split their forces as the British and American forces attacked from the West. German dead strewing the conquered battlefield, Trening under Nøytralitetsvakta / Winter Training (1940), World War 1 tank, Masterton, New Zealand, April 2009. In addition, any storyboard can be made “sharable”, where a private link to the storyboard can be shared externally. As Europe moved towards war, Mussolini suggested a conference to discuss the future of Czechoslovakia. Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. The League then called for countries to stop trading with Japan but because of the depression many countries did not want to risk losing trade and did not agree to the request. All of these factors together were principal causes of World War 2. Formed after World War I, Poland's army was relatively weak and ill-equipped compared to Germany. He felt that giving in to Hitler’s demands would prevent another war. When Germany began re-arming in 1934, many politicians felt that Germany had a right to re-arm in order to protect herself. In the summer of 1939, with the talks stalling, the Soviets began discussions with Nazi Germany regarding the creation of a non-aggression pact. This famous picture shows Chamberlain returning from Munich with the paper signed by Hitler declaring ‘Peace in our time.’. People were dissatisfied with the government and voted to power a man who promised to rip up the Treaty of Versailles. All storyboards are public and can be viewed and copied by anyone. However, the trade restrictions were not carried out because they would have little effect. China appealed to the League for help. When Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, he broke the terms of the Munich Agreement. The Japanese government were told to order the army to leave Manchuria immediately. The Germans brought a destructive mobile force throughout Europe during this time period, and for many, the concept of Nazi world domination quickly became a fathomable proposition. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. Not wanting to become involved in another major war, Britain and France avoided intervening and sought a resolution, with little success, through the League of Nations. In Poland, German troops executed a blitzkrieg (lightning war) assault combining armor and mechanized infantry. In the east, the Soviets also committed numerous atrocities, including the murder of prisoners of war, as they advanced. Under assault from two directions, the Polish defenses crumbled with only isolated cities and areas offering prolonged resistance. Page 35. This situation was made worse by the onset of the Great Depression. It was the … He believed that the Treaty of Versailles had treated Germany badly and that there were a number of issues associated with the Treaty that needed to be put right. To ensure that Germany would not expand, the treaty forbade the annexation of Austria, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. The second was called the Anti-Comitern Pact and allied Germany with Japan. If this failed then countries would stop trading with the aggressive country and if that failed then countries would use their armies to fight. In 1919, Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson from the US met to discuss how Germany was to be made to pay for the damage world war one had caused.

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