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mobutu, king of zaire

As what was then the second most populous French-speaking country in the world (it has subsequently come to have a larger population than France) and the most populous one in sub-Saharan Africa,[64] Zaire was of great strategic interest to France. Two of his sons from his first marriage died during his lifetime, Jean-Paul "Nyiwa" (d. 16 September 1994) and Konga (d. 1992). For the presidential election, Mobutu was the only candidate. The reality is that most African countries create their own misery by putting into power African strong men. On the same day Mobutu fled into exile, Laurent-Désiré Kabila became the new president of Congo. It uses up to 140 hours of rare Kinshasa material and 50 hours of interviews with those close to him, all telling a story of Mobutu, King of Zaire a man at the heart of Central Africa’s post-colonial history. Mobutu, roi du Zaire : tragédie africaine = Mobutu, King of Zaire : African tragedy / Les Films de la Passerelle, Image Création, Les Films d'Ici present a series by Thierry Michel ; produced by Christine Pireaux, Martine Barbé, Serge Lalou. Mobutu was reelected three times under this system, each time by implausibly high margins of 98 percent or more. To this end, King offered the bout to any African country that put up the money to host it, in exchange for recognition. Alternate titles: African tragedy. There she met and married Albéric Gbemani, a cook for a Belgian judge. The Belgian judge's wife took a liking to Mobutu and taught him to speak, read, and write fluently in the French language, the official language of the country in the colonial period. Accordingly, the US and other Western powers began pressuring Mobutu to democratize the regime. Under the auspices of a state of exception (regime d'exception), Mobutu assumed sweeping—almost absolute—powers for five years. Voting was not secret; voters chose a green paper if they supported Mobutu's candidacy, and a red paper if they opposed his candidacy. As Army Chief of Staff, Mobutu came under great pressure from multiple sources. French title: Mobutu, roi du Zaïre) is a 1999 documentary film about Mobutu Sese Seko, the long-time President of Zaire (now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo). [2][3] Mobutu was the object of a pervasive cult of personality. Yaki wore a US$70,000 wedding gown and US$3 million worth of jewels. Relations cooled further in 1975, when the two countries found themselves on opposing sides in the Angolan Civil War. The economic situation was still dismal; in 1994 the two groups joined as the High Council of Republic – Parliament of Transition (HCR-PT). According to Mobutu's New York Times obituary: "He built his political longevity on three pillars: violence, cunning and the use of state funds to buy off enemies. Mobutu, král Zaire-Mobutu, King of Zaire. Now the footage is the basis of a chilling film. Description [25], On 23 January 1961, Kasa-Vubu promoted Mobutu to major-general. Mobutu was instrumental in bringing the Rumble in the Jungle boxing match between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman to Zaire on 30 October 1974. This is the definitive visual record of the rise and fall of Joseph Désiré Mobutu, ruler of Zaire (the Congo) for over 30 years. Join a Discussion on Current Film. Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobutu,_King_of_Zaire&oldid=910863164, Documentary films about the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pages using infobox film with unknown empty parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Mention of honor in "Seen by Africa" on 1999 - Montreal - Canada, Nominee in Los Angeles by international Documentary Association (IDA) for the IDA Awards - United States, Special mention during the delivery of European Films Awards for Berlin - Germany, This page was last edited on 15 August 2019, at 00:08. ×. Not Yet Rated 2 hr 15 min Documentary. [50] Close relatives and fellow members of the Ngbandi tribe were awarded high positions in the military and government, and he groomed his eldest son, Nyiwa, to succeed him as president;[51] however, Nyiwa died from AIDS in 1994. Mobutu remains interred in Morocco.[92]. A physically imposing figure (he eventually stood over six feet [two metres] tall) Mobutu dominated school sports. It defined the MPR as the "single institution" in the country. When Mobutu's government issued an order in November 1996 forcing Tutsis to leave Zaire on penalty of death, the ethnic Tutsis in Zaire,[86] known as Banyamulenge, were the focal point of a rebellion. Here is a glimpse of one of Africa’s most flamboyant leaders’ life. Column : Cinema/tv. [58] Relations soured early in Mobutu's rule over disputes involving the substantial Belgian commercial and industrial holdings in the country, but they warmed soon afterwards. Mobutu King of Zaire is a lengthy but never boring analysis of Mobutu's opportunistic career, first as a secretary to Lumumba and then as his successor, who ordered his execution and then had the gall to pardon him six months later. Varying Form of Title: Parallel title Mobutu, King of Zaire : African tragedy Portion of title King of Zaire : African tragedy: Other authors / contributors: Michel, Thierry, 1952-Pireaux, Christine.Barbé, Martine. “Mobutu: King of Zaïre” – 50 years of Belgian Cinema: Thierry Michel at Bozar 30 June 2017 11 September 2017 Mauricio Ruiz. Mobutu's mother, Marie Madeleine Yemo, was a hotel maid who fled to Lisala to escape the harem of a local village chief. As the discussions continued, the cabinet began to divide according to who they preferred to serve as chief of staff. But in many cases he handed the management of these firms to relatives and close associates, who quickly exercised their own corruption and stole the companies' assets. [5][6] He presided over a period of widespread human rights violations. TMDb Score. Early in his rule, Mobutu consolidated power by publicly executing political rivals, secessionists, coup plotters, and other threats to his rule. [11] Shortly afterward she gave birth to Mobutu. Like a vast historical puzzle, this film pieces together the tragic history of a country, and its self-styled leader – the dictator, Mobutu Sese Seko, “King of Zaïre”. In 1970 King Baudouin of Belgium made a highly successful state visit to Kinshasa. The number of provinces was reduced, and their autonomy curtailed, resulting in a highly centralized state. Mobutu Sese Seko, the king of Zaire. Mobutu was also featured in the feature film Lumumba, directed by Raoul Peck, which detailed the pre-coup and coup years from the perspective of Lumumba. [62] Relations with King Baudouin were mostly cordial, until Mobutu released a bold statement about the Belgian royal family. [16], Two years later, he went to Belgium to cover the 1958 World Exposition and stayed to receive training in journalism. Mobutu assisted other officials in negotiating with the mutineers to secure the release of the officers and their families. A man of “modest roots” who had a Catholic upbringing, Mobutu was sent to the army by his father for insubordination. To gain the revenues of Congolese resources, Mobutu initially nationalized foreign-owned firms and forced European investors out of the country. Lumumba rejected this action but was forced to retire to his residence, where UN peacekeepers prevented Mobutu's soldiers from arresting him. The reality and tragedy of Mobutu in this. In fact, according to Larry Devin, a US diplomat featured in French filmmaker Thierry Michel’s three part documentary, Mobutu, Roi Du Zaire (trans: Mobutu King of Zaire), people in the CIA actually invented… With the government in near-paralysis, Mobutu seized power in a bloodless coup on 24 November. [31] It later emerged that almost 30,500 more votes were cast than the actual number of registered voters. [52] His elder son from his second marriage, Nzanga Mobutu Ngbangawe, now[when?] Mobutu, a member of the Ngbandi ethnic group,[9] was born in 1930 in Lisala, Belgian Congo. His regime had little success in establishing the conditions needed for economic growth and development. In his mansion, carved in the hills of Cap Martin in southern France, Mobutu threw lavish parties for the elites he wanted to be associated with. King of Zaire. However, to project a non-aligned image, he did renew ties in 1967; the first Soviet ambassador arrived and presented his credentials in 1968. She died of heart failure on 22 October 1977 in Genolier, Switzerland, at the age of 36. In 1974, a new constitution consolidated Mobutu's grip on the country. He also served as Chairman of the Organisation of African Unity from 1967 to 1968. Still angry after his clashes with the school priests, he did not marry in a church. Ailing with cancer, Mobutu was in Switzerland for treatment,[87] and he was unable to coordinate the resistance which crumbled in front of the march. Casting a green ballot was deemed a vote for hope, while a red ballot was deemed a vote for chaos. [73] Mobutu viewed the Soviet presence as advantageous for two reasons: it allowed him to maintain an image of non-alignment, and it provided a convenient scapegoat for problems at home. China sent military aid to Zaire during both invasions, and accused the Soviet Union and Cuba (who were alleged to have supported the Shaban rebels, although this was and remains speculation) of working to de-stabilize central Africa. At one of those elections, in 1975, formal voting was dispensed with altogether. Mobutu was re-elected in single-candidate elections in 1977 and 1984. Mobutu intended for the union to serve as an instrument of support for government policy, rather than as an independent group. This film is the result of more than two years of work tracking down archive material and witnesses close to Mobutu in Africa, Europe and the U.S. More than 950 hours of footage have been seen by the world. Mobutu quickly seized complete power of the Congo and renamed the country Zaire. Mobutu also might be considered as the inspiration behind some of the characters in the works of the poetry of Wole Soyinka, the novel A Bend in the River by V. S. Naipaul, and Anthills of the Savannah by Chinua Achebe. The United States was the third largest donor of aid to Zaire (after Belgium and France), and Mobutu befriended several US presidents, including Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush. These included the Special Presidential Division, Civil Guard and Service for Action, and Military Intelligence (SNIP). Mobutu, roi du Zaire Date of production 1999 Date 1999 Level Item Primary Type Moving image Language French, English, English Duration 1 hour 16 min. Mobutu, King of Zaire [Belgien Import] Jacques Chirac (Darsteller), Mobutu Sese Seko (Darsteller), Thierry Michel (Regisseur) & Alterseinstufung: Nicht geprüft Format: DVD. One of the MPR's slogans was "Neither left nor right", to which would be added "nor even center" in later years. This film is the result of more than two years of work tracking down archive material and witnesses close to Mobutu in Africa, Europe and the U.S. More than 950 hours of footage have been seen by the world. China and Zaire shared a common goal in central Africa, namely doing everything in their power to halt Soviet gains in the area. Initially, Zaire's relationship with the People's Republic of China was no better than its relationship with the Soviet Union. "),[35][36] or Mobutu Sese Seko for short. Mobutu owned a fleet of Mercedes-Benz vehicles that he used to travel between his numerous palaces, while the nation's roads deteriorated and many of his people starved. Among the 104 hours selected as the basis for this film, are 30 hours of archives recently discovered in Kinshasa and never before released. Among the 104 hours selected as the basis for this film, are 30 hours of archives recently discovered in Kinshasa and never before released. Enter your location to see which movie theaters are playing Mobutu, King of Zaire near you. Mobutu King of Zaire is a lengthy but never boring analysis of Mobutu's opportunistic career, first as a secretary to Lumumba and then as his successor, who ordered his execution and then had the gall to pardon him six months later. Mauricio Ruiz . Lumumba wanted to keep both men in his government and wished to avoid upsetting one of their camps of supporters. [99], Relations with the People's Republic of China. Already suffering from advanced prostate cancer, he died three months later in Morocco. At one point, in early 1975, the media were forbidden to refer to anyone other than Mobutu by name; others were referred to only by the positions they held. The tape continues with 18' of unrelated BBC material. Another tactic was to arrest and sometimes torture dissident members of the government, only to later pardon them and reward them with high office. Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal political party in 1967, changed the Congo s name to Zaire in 1971, and his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko position in international affairs. 1967 marked the debut of the Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR), which until 1990 was the nation's only legal political party. Lalou, Serge. "[18], Following the general election, Lumumba was tasked with creating a government. Mobutu was included as an additional promotional card in the card-driven strategy game Twilight Struggle. Regarding the change in US attitude to his regime, Mobutu bitterly remarked: "I am the latest victim of the cold war, no longer needed by the US. Under his rule, the nation also suffered from uncontrolled inflation, a large debt, and massive currency devaluations. [60] Mobutu maintained several personal contacts with prominent Belgians. Mobutu, King of Zaire (opprinnelig fransk tittel: Mobutu, roi du Zaïre) er en dokumentarfilm fra 1999 om Mobutu Sese Seko, den mangeårige presidenten i Zaire (nå kjent som Den demokratiske republikken Kongo).. Mobutu, King of Zaire. The last of the "Negro kings", Mobutu Sese Seko was the oldest and most unfaltering of African despots. He appointed a transitional government that would lead to promised elections but he retained substantial powers. Lalou, Serge. He also opposed seating the PRC at the United Nations. For 30 years, Mobutu terrorised Zaire and butchered his enemies, all the while indulging his vanity with a personal film crew. [63] Next to friendly ties with Belgians residing in Belgium, Mobutu had a number of Belgian advisors at his disposal. [12] Thereafter he was raised by an uncle and a grandfather. However, Parliament twice refused to confirm him. Memories of Chinese aid to Mulele and other Maoist rebels in Kwilu province during the ill-fated Simba Rebellion remained fresh on Mobutu's mind. [70][71] In November 1972, Mobutu extended diplomatic recognition to the Chinese (as well as East Germany and North Korea). He cruised on the Congo on his yacht Kamanyola. Accordingly, both Zaire and China covertly funneled aid to the National Liberation Front of Angola (and later, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) in order to prevent their former allies, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, who were supported and augmented by Cuban forces, from coming to power. A three part series of visual records of the 30 year reign of Joseph Désiré Mobutu, ruler of Zaire (the Congo). His married his first wife, Marie-Antoinette Gbiatibwa Gogbe Yetene, in 1955. Original title: Mobutu, roi du Zaïre. Two more died in the years following his death: Kongulu (d. 24 September 1998), and Manda (d. 27 November 2004). Mobutu claimed that his political ideology was "neither left nor right, nor even centre"[1] but in practice he developed a regime that was rigidly authoritarian even by African standards of his time. See all posts by Mauricio Ruiz (125) In September of this year it will be twenty years since the death of military dictator and President of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Joseph-Desiré Mobutu. [93] They had nine children. [55][56], Mobutu successfully capitalized on Cold War tensions among European nations and the United States. Factional divisions led to the creation of two governments in 1993, one pro and one anti-Mobutu. Forum . [52], Mobutu led one of the most enduring dictatorships in Africa and amassed a personal fortune estimated to be over US$5 billion by selling his nation's rich natural resources while the people lived in poverty. William Close, father of actress Glenn Close, was once a personal physician to Mobutu and wrote a book focusing on his service in Zaire. His card, when played, increases the stability of the country then known as Zaire and increases the influence of the United States over the African nation. Among the themes advanced by the MPR in its doctrine, the Manifesto of N'Sele, were nationalism, revolution, and "authenticity". By mid-1997, Kabila's forces resumed their advance, and the remains of Mobutu's army offered almost no resistance. Having come to power with the 1965 coup he imposed a peace founded on fear, violence and the repression on his people. But it wasn't on anyone's list because he wasn't an official delegation member, he was Lumumba's secretary. Facing many challenges early in his rule, Mobutu converted much opposition into submission through patronage; those he could not co-opt, he dealt with forcefully. However, by 1972, he began to see the Chinese in a different light, as a counterbalance to both the Soviet Union as well as his intimate ties with the United States, Israel, and South Africa. Mobutu, King of Zaire (orig. This is the definitive visual record of the rise and fall of Joseph Désiré Mobutu, ruler of Zaire (the Congo) for over 30 years. According to Transparency International, Mobutu embezzled over US$5 billion from his country, ranking him as the third-most corrupt leader since 1984 and the most corrupt African leader during the same period. Gbemani died when Mobutu was eight. With the help of the CIA, Mobutu launched a coup d’état.. Synopsis. A Machiavellian monarch, often portrayed as diabolical, the Zairian President was one of the last dictators born from the cold war and from decolonisation. Upon returning home, both his politics and rhetoric became markedly more radical; it was around this time that Mobutu began criticizing Belgium and the United States (the latter for not doing enough, in Mobutu's opinion, to combat white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia), introduced the "obligatory civic work" program called salongo, and initiated "radicalization" (an extension of 1973's "Zairianization" policy). [59] Mobutu's "Zairianisation" policy, which expropriated foreign-held businesses and transferred their ownership to Zairians, added to the strain. Soon he would be Patrice Lumumba’s right-hand man… Mobutu was willing to fund the ten million dollar purse and host the bout, in order to gain international recognition and legitimacy in the process. Für den Film Mobutu, King of Zaire und dessen Regie ist Thierry Michel verantwortlich. Varying Form of Title: Parallel title Mobutu, King of Zaire : African tragedy Portion of title King of Zaire : African tragedy: Other authors / contributors: Michel, Thierry, 1952-Pireaux, Christine.Barbé, Martine. He attempted to purge the country of all colonial cultural influence through his program of "national authenticity". He ordered the people to change their European names to African ones, and priests were warned that they would face five years' imprisonment if they were caught baptizing a Zairian child with a European name. Janssen married Yaki in a lavish ceremony that included three orchestras, a US$65,000 wedding cake, and a giant fireworks display. Zaire itself launched an ill-fated, pre-emptive invasion of Angola in a bid to install a pro-Kinshasa government, but was repulsed by Cuban troops. [64] Shortly after the Katangan secession was successfully crushed, Zaire (then called the Republic of the Congo), signed a treaty of technical and cultural cooperation with France. [38], Mobutu later gave up torture and murder, and switched to a new tactic, buying off political rivals. The word "politician" carried negative connotations, and became almost synonymous with someone who was wicked or corrupt. The expedition was a fiasco with far-reaching repercussions, most notably the Shaba I and Shaba II invasions, both of which China opposed. Uprisings by former Katangan gendarmeries were crushed, as were the Stanleyville mutinies of 1967 led by white mercenaries. Mobutu was notorious for corruption, nepotism, and the embezzlement of between US$4 billion and $15 billion during his rule. For the most part, Zaire enjoyed warm relations with the was promoted by Don King as a part of the build - up to the Ali - Foreman fight. 5 ] [ 36 ] or Mobutu Sese Seko ruled the country time... 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